Nanoparticles

Liposomal drug delivery systems have been developed as a potential favourite to ameliorate the dermal delivery of the anti-aging substances because they are biocompatible, have the capacity to bind both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs and possess the ability to boost targeted treatments. In this work the systematic study was done to optimize liposomal formulations against skin penetration by application of Design of Experiments (DoE) approach. The factorial design was used to optimize various formulation parameters such as phospholipid concentration, cholesterol content and hydration time and their influence on the effect on vesicle size, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro skin penetration established. The statistical analysis indicated there was important interaction among the variables and therefore optimal formulation was defined using the technique and it performed better in terms of skin permeation behavior. The findings indicate the effectiveness of the DoE strategy in the development of formulation and the potential of optimized liposomes as a delivery vehicle to anti-aging products.

Breast cancer is one of the major causes of death in women globally and the administration of conventional chemotherapy is usually hampered by systemic toxicity and non-specific distribution of drugs. Approaches based on nanotechnology, in particular, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), provide a promising platform to develop targeted drug delivery because they are nontoxic, easy to modify on the surface, and they can accumulate in tumors. The objective of this study was to synthesize AuNPs and determine its possible use as a doxorubicin delivery system in breast cancer treatment. Gold nanoparticles were prepared through the citrate reduction technique, characterized in terms of size, morphology and surface charge, and doxorubicin was conjugated to the nanoparticles. The drug-loading capacity and release profile were evaluated by in vitro studies and tumor regression and systemic toxicity were evaluated by in vivo in a breast cancer-induced rat model. These findings showed that the AuNP-doxorubicin formulation was able to attain good drug loading, sustained release, increased tumor targeting, and lower systemic side effects than the free drug administration. These results show that gold nanoparticles can be a useful nanocarriers system of targeted breast cancer therapy, with increased therapeutic effect and reduced side effects.

Analytical method validation (AMV) in the veterinary field forms an important aspect of quality control in pharmaceutical companies in which drugs are used to treat various species of animals to guarantees safety, efficacy and regulatory actions are adhered to. This review points to the significance of the species-based approaches in pharmacokinetics of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and residue detection with a focus on the issues of physiological diversity, complex biological samples and ethical requirement. Modern methods such as HPLC, UPLC, GC, LC-MS/MS, UV-Vis, and FTIR are characterized by sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility and newer techniques such as capillary electrophoresis and microfluidic-based technology, high-resolution mass spectrometry and bioinformatics-directed validation incorporates enhanced sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, reduced sample volumes, and increased throughput. Future methodological advances in multi-dimensional platforms, green analytical chemistry, chemometrics, and machine learning offer new ways of addressing matrix effects and resource limitations and regulatory limitations. Taken together, these strategies can contribute to effective veterinary drug monitoring, food safety, and sustainable and species-specific AMV practices and direct future research at achieving harmonized and technologically more advanced validation processes.